Gerunds and Infinitives - Note Library

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Gerunds and Infinitives


               Gerunds and Infinitives 

A gerund is a verb in its ing (present participle) form that functions as a noun
that names an activity rather than a person or thing. Any action verb can be
made into a gerund.

Spelling Tip
Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barking
⚫For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride
> riding
⚫For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie
> tying
⚫For a verb whose last syllable is written with a consonant-vowel-
consonant and is stressed, double the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg> begging, begin > beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable is not
stressed)

Gerunds can appear at the beginning of a sentence when used as a subject:
1. Jogging is a hobby of mine.

Gerunds can act as an object following the verb:
1. Daniel quit smoking a year ago.

Gerunds can serve as an object after a preposition:
1. I look forward to helping you paint the house.

Note: The same spelling rules that apply to the progressive tenses also apply to
gerunds.

Some verbs and verb phrases are directly followed a gerund:
1. Paul avoids using chemicals on the vegetables he grows.

Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive without causing a change
in meaning:
1. Some people prefer getting up early in the morning.
2. Some people prefer to get up early in the morning.

Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or infinitive but with a change in
meaning:
1. He remembered sending the fax. (He remembered the act of send the fax)
2. He remembered to send the fax. (He remembered the fax and sent it.)

An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence. It is
formed with to + base form of the verb. Ex: to buy, to work.

Infinitives can be used as:

an object following the verb:
1. Jim always forgets to eat

a subject at the beginning of a sentence:
1. To travel around the world requires a lot of time and money.

an adverb modifying a verb:
1. You promised to buy me a diamond ring.

an adjective modifying a noun
1. Tara has the ability to succeed.

Some verbs are directly followed by an infinitive:
1. Do you want to call your family now?

Some verbs are directly followed by a noun or pronoun and then by an infinitive:
1. I convinced Catherine to become vegetarian.
2. He advised me to sell all my shares of stock.

Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund without causing a change
in meaning:
1. Will you continue working after you give birth?
2. Will you continue to work after you give birth?

Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund but with a change in
meaning:
1) He stopped drinking coffee. (He never drank coffee again.)
2) He stopped to drink coffee. (He stopped what he was doing and drank some
coffee.)

Some Practice Questions:-

1. Finish
a. Gerund
b. to + infinitive 
c. Both possibilities are correct.

2. Like
a. Gerund
b. to + infinitive
c. Both possibilities are correct. 

3. hope 
a. Gerund
b. to + infinitive
c. Both possibilities are correct.

4. feel like
a. Gerund 
b. to + infinitive 
c. Both possibilities are correct.

5. seem
a. Gerund
b. to + infinitive
c. Both possibilities are correct.

6. forget 
a. Gerund
b. to + infinitive 
c. Both possibilities are correct.

7. start
a. Gerund
b. to + infinitive
c. Both possibilities are correct.

8. manage
a. Gerund 
b. to + infinitive
c. Both possibilities are correct.

9. agree 
a. Gerund
b. to + infinitive
c. Both possibilities are correct.

10. avoid
a. Gerund
b. to + infinitive 
c. Both possibilities are correct.

11. Do you believe in........ children early.
a. discipline 
b. disciplining 
c. to discipling
d. disciplined

12. I reported........... the accident.
a. to see
b. seeing
c. Seen
d. to seeing 

13. The car needs
a. painting
b. paints
c. painted 
d. to paint

14. My hair needs........ by the barber.
a. to cut
b. to be cut
c. Cutting
d. Cut

15. She has the capacity........... 
a. of lifting the box 
b. at lifting the box
c. with lifting the box 
d. for lifting the box

16. He avoided.......the food.
a. to eat
b. to eating
c. eaten
d. eating

17. They have no intention of........... the bill.
a. signing
b. signed
c. sign
d. to signing

18. The plants need by the gardener.
a. watering
b. to water
c. to be watered
 d. to watering

19. We are.............. meeting the principal tomorrow. 
a. intent to
 b. intent on
 c. intent at
 d. intent with

20. I intend........her.
a. to meet
 b. met
c. meeting
 d. to meeting

21. The teacher suggesting
a. take
b. to take 
c. taking
d. took

22. He quit years back.
a. to smoke 
b. smoked
 c. smokes
 d. smoking

23. We hope........... the exams.
a. to pass
 b. passed 
c. passing
d. pass

24. He postponed ........... the manager.
a. to meet 
b. met
c. to meeting 
d. meeting 

25. It is difficult _______ the exam.
a. passing
b. to pass
c. pass
d. to passing



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